Nelson B. Watts Robert A. Adler John P. Bilezikian Matthew T. Drake Richard EastellEric S. Orwoll Joel S. Finkelstein
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 97, Issue 6, 1 June 2012, Pages 1802–1822, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3045
Published:
 
01 June 2012

Objective:
The aim was to formulate practice guidelines for management of osteoporosis in men.

Evidence:
We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to describe the strength of recommendations and evidence quality.

Consensus Process:
Consensus was guided by systematic evidence reviews, one in-person meeting, and multiple conference calls and e-mails. Task Force drafts were reviewed successively by The Endocrine Society's Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee and Clinical Affairs Core Committee; representatives of ASBMR, ECTS, ESE, ISCD; and members at large. At each stage, the Task Force received written comments and incorporated needed changes. The reviewed document was approved by The Endocrine Society Council before submission for peer review.

Conclusions:
Osteoporosis in men causes significant morbidity and mortality. We recommend testing higher risk men [aged ≥70 and men aged 50–69 who have risk factors (e.g. low body weight, prior fracture as an adult, smoking, etc.)] using central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Laboratory testing should be done to detect contributing causes. Adequate calcium and vitamin D and weight-bearing exercise should be encouraged; smoking and excessive alcohol should be avoided. Pharmacological treatment is recommended for men aged 50 or older who have had spine or hip fractures, those with T-scores of −2.5 or below, and men at high risk of fracture based on low bone mineral density and/or clinical risk factors. Treatment should be monitored with serial dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry testing.

Dagfinrud H, Kvien T K, Hagen K 
​
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008;Issue 1
systematic review

BACKGROUND:
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory rheumatic disease. Physiotherapy is considered an important part of the overall management of AS.
OBJECTIVES:
To summarise the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in the management of AS.
SEARCH STRATEGY:
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, AMED, CINAHL and PEDro up to January 2007 for all relevant publications, without any language restrictions. We checked the reference lists of relevant articles and contacted the authors of included articles.
SELECTION CRITERIA:
We included randomised and quasi-randomised studies with AS patients and where at least one of the comparison groups received physiotherapy. The main outcomes of interest were pain, stiffness, spinal mobility, physical function and patient global assessment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:
Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed trial quality. Investigators were contacted to obtain missing information.
MAIN RESULTS:
Eleven trials with a total of 763 participants were included in this updated review. Four trials compared individualised home exercise programs or a supervised exercise program with no intervention and reported low quality evidence for effects in spinal mobility (Relative percentage differences (RPDs) from 5 to 50%) and physical function (four points on a 33-point scale). Three trials compared supervised group physiotherapy with an individualised home-exercise program and reported moderate quality evidence for small differences in spinal mobility (RPDs 7.5-18%) and patient global assessment (1.46 cm) in favour of supervised group exercises. In one study, a three-week inpatient spa-exercise therapy followed by 37 weeks of weekly outpatient group physiotherapy (without spa) was compared with weekly outpatient group physiotherapy alone; there was moderate quality evidence for effects in pain (18%), physical function (24%) and patient global assessment (27%) in favour of the combined spa-exercise therapy. One study compared daily outpatient balneotherapy and an exercise program with only exercise program, and another study compared balneotherapy with fresh water therapy. None of these studies showed significant between-group differences. One study compared an experimental exercise program with a conventional program; statistically significant change scores were reported on nearly all spinal mobility measures and physical function in favour of the experimental program.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this review suggest that an individual home-based or supervised exercise program is better than no intervention; that supervised group physiotherapy is better than home exercises; and that combined inpatient spa-exercise therapy followed by group physiotherapy is better than group physiotherapy alone. 

Reid SA, Rivett DA, Katekar MG, Callister R
Manual Therapy 2008 Aug;13(4):357-366

clinical trial
9/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: Yes; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: Yes; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*
​
Cervicogenic dizziness is dizziness described as imbalance occurring together with cervical pain or headache. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) in the treatment of this condition. A double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial was undertaken. Thirty-four participants with cervicogenic dizziness were randomised to receive four to six treatments of SNAGs (n = 17) or a placebo of detuned laser (n = 17). Participants were assessed by a blinded assistant before treatment, after the final treatment and at 6- and 12-week follow-ups. The primary outcome measures were severity of dizziness, disability, frequency of dizziness, severity of cervical pain, and global perceived effect; balance and cervical range of motion were secondary measures. At post-treatment, 6- and 12-week follow-ups compared to pre-treatment, the SNAG group had less (p < 0.05) dizziness, lower (p < 0.05) scores on the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), decreased (p < 0.05) frequency of dizziness, and less (p < 0.05) cervical pain. The placebo group had significant (p < 0.05) changes only at the 12-week follow-up in three outcome measures: severity of dizziness, DHI, and severity of cervical pain. Compared to the placebo group at post-treatment and 6-week follow-up, the SNAG group had less (p < 0.05) dizziness, lower (p <= 0.05) scores on DHI, and less (p < 0.05) cervical pain. Balance with the neck in extension improved (p <= 0.05) and extension range of motion increased (p < 0.05) in the SNAG group. No improvements in balance or range of motion were observed in the placebo group. The SNAG treatment had an immediate clinically and statistically significant sustained effect in reducing dizziness, cervical pain and disability caused by cervical dysfunction. 

Bussieres AE, Stewart G, al-Zoubi F, Decina P, Descarreaux M, Hayden J, Hendrickson B, Hincapie C, Page I, Passmore S, Srbely J, Stupar M, Weisberg J, Ornelas J [The Canadian Chiropractic Guideline Initiative]
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2016 Oct;39(8):523-564
practice guideline
OBJECTIVE:
The objective was to develop a clinical practice guideline on the management of neck pain-associated disorders (NADs) and whiplash-associated disorders (WADs). This guideline replaces 2 prior chiropractic guidelines on NADs and WADs.
METHODS:
Pertinent systematic reviews on 6 topic areas (education, multimodal care, exercise, work disability, manual therapy, passive modalities) were assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) and data extracted from admissible randomized controlled trials. We incorporated risk of bias scores in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Evidence profiles were used to summarize judgments of the evidence quality, detail relative and absolute effects, and link recommendations to the supporting evidence. The guideline panel considered the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences. Consensus was achieved using a modified Delphi. The guideline was peer reviewed by a 10-member multidisciplinary (medical and chiropractic) external committee.
RESULTS:
For recent-onset (0 to 3 months) neck pain, we suggest offering multimodal care; manipulation or mobilization; range-of-motion home exercise, or multimodal manual therapy (for grades I to II NAD); supervised graded strengthening exercise (grade III NAD); and multimodal care (grade III WAD). For persistent (> 3 months) neck pain, we suggest offering multimodal care or stress self-management; manipulation with soft tissue therapy; high-dose massage; supervised group exercise; supervised yoga; supervised strengthening exercises or home exercises (grades I to II NAD); multimodal care or practitioner's advice (grades I to III NAD); and supervised exercise with advice or advice alone (grades I to II WAD). For workers with persistent neck and shoulder pain, evidence supports mixed supervised and unsupervised high-intensity strength training or advice alone (grades I to III NAD).
CONCLUSIONS:
A multimodal approach including manual therapy, self-management advice, and exercise is an effective treatment strategy for both recent-onset and persistent neck pain. 
Reprinted from the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics with copyright permission from the National University of Health Sciences.

Anwer S, Alghadir A, Abu Shaphe M, Anwar D

BioMed Research International 2015;(123848):Epub

systematic review

OBJECTIVES:
This systematic review was conducted to examine the effects of exercise on spinal deformities and quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
DATA SOURCES:
Electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, and Web of Science, were searched for research articles published from the earliest available dates up to May 31, 2015, using the key words "exercise", "postural correction", "posture", "postural curve", "Cobb's angle", "quality of life", and "spinal deformities", combined with the Medical Subject Heading "scoliosis".
STUDY SELECTION:
This systematic review was restricted to randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials on AIS published in English language. The quality of selected studies was assessed by the PEDro scale, the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation System (GRADE). DATA EXTRACTION: Descriptive data were collected from each study. The outcome measures of interest were Cobb angle, trunk rotation, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar kyphosis, vertebral rotation, and quality of life.
DATA SYNTHESIS:
A total of 30 studies were assessed for eligibility. Six of the 9 selected studies reached high methodological quality on the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis revealed moderate-quality evidence that exercise interventions reduce the Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis and low-quality evidence that exercise interventions reduce average lateral deviation. Meta-analysis revealed moderate-quality evidence that exercise interventions improve the quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS:
A supervised exercise program was superior to controls in reducing spinal deformities and improving the quality of life in patients with AIS.